4-6 November 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n First, I would like to thank our friend Mo Ibrahim and the Europe-Africa Foundation for their kind invitation to this Euro-African dialogue. I also extend my gratitude to Ms. Nathalie Delapalme for coordinating my participation alongside my team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I willingly accepted to focus my contribution on the future of Europe-Africa relations because I believe it is a timely and relevant topic. We find ourselves at a pivotal moment in history where this subject imposes itself and merits collective reflection if we want, on both sides, to maintain and strengthen our relationship by adapting it to the new realities of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n How should we envision these relations beyond immediate challenges and circumstantial concerns? The first element of an answer, in my opinion, is to recognize and embrace the unique nature of Europe-Africa relations, shaped by history, geographical proximity, and the immense sacrifices made during the war\u2014twice in one generation. These factors have fostered human intermingling, linguistic affinities, and comprehensive cooperation. This is why Europe and Africa are inseparable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the same time, new dynamics have emerged over time, disrupting the comfort of habits and established certainties. From the Europe of Six in 1951 with the European Coal and Steel Community, we now have the Europe of 27, with more diverse and complex needs, constraints, and mechanisms. Our friend Charles Michel knows more about this than I do!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, over sixty years after its first independence movements, Africa\u2014with a population that is predominantly young and less influenced by colonial history\u2014has undergone profound internal transformations while broadening its circle of partners. This shows that while our relations remain unique, the Euro-African exceptionalism faces new challenges. The war in Ukraine, which broke out a few days after the 6th European Union\u2013African Union Summit in Brussels in February 2022, is one such test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Brussels Declaration aimed to consolidate a renewed partnership for solidarity, security, peace, and sustainable economic development. Commitments were made, particularly in the areas of peace and security, a \u20ac150 billion investment package until 2027 under the Global Gateway strategy, the mobilization of Special Drawing Rights, the fight against illicit financial flows, food security, energy transition, and youth exchange programs, including expanded Erasmus+ initiatives. Then the war broke out in Ukraine. Europe refocused on this vital emergency, which is understandable, while Africa maintained a certain distance from the conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, I believe that the future of Euro-African relations must be analyzed beyond this major, though circumstantial, event. In my view, the very mindset of these relations needs to be revisited by changing methods and practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n First of all<\/strong>, interventions like NATO\u2019s in Libya, despite the African Union’s disapproval, must end. Over a decade later, Europe and Africa continue to suffer the consequences. Libya lost peace and stability without gaining democracy, and the Libyan chaos fuels terrorism networks in the Sahel and illegal migration to Europe. Additionally, sanctions such as those imposed on Zimbabwe for several years, even during the COVID-19 pandemic when circumstances have changed, contribute to degrading Europe-Africa relations and foster anti-Western resentment in Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Secondly<\/strong>, Euro-African cooperation policies need to evolve by disconnecting them from conditionalities tied to cultural or civilizational norms. This practice, perceived as a form of civilizational imposition, is increasingly contested in Africa, especially as alternatives without political conditions become available to the continent. Furthermore, the limitations of official development assistance should compel us to promote partnership through investment, supported by appropriate mechanisms. This would allow Africa to mobilize larger resources for its development and provide Europe with more opportunities for its private sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For instance, the Global Gateway investment package plans \u20ac150 billion for Africa between 2022 and 2027, while Africa’s annual infrastructure financing needs alone are estimated between $130 and $170 billion, according to the African Development Bank. We must think beyond development aid and move towards co-constructed partnerships for shared growth and prosperity. A developing Africa is a stabilizing factor for Europe. Conversely, a poor Africa, burdened by unequal trade, debt, and disinvestment, will always be a source of concern for Europe. Irregular migration, which continues to worsen despite considerable efforts to address it, is an example of this. I am thinking of the FRONTEX operation and the controversial initiatives to create “hot spots” in third countries to send rejected asylum seekers. Clearly, indicators show that such initiatives\u2014often struck down by the courts\u2014would only affect a small fraction of migrants and cannot constitute a solution to irregular migration. Perhaps it would be more appropriate to seek concerted solutions in the conclusions of the 2015 Europe-Africa Summit in Malta on migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thirdly<\/strong>, I believe that our two continents should work more closely together on reforming global governance. I must point out that the European Union, through President Charles Michel, was the first to support Africa\u2019s candidacy for G20 membership, a proposal I initiated during my tenure at the head of the African Union. Africa would certainly appreciate maintaining this momentum on other major issues such as a fair and equitable energy transition and the reform of the global financial architecture, including the World Bank, the IMF, and the credit rating methodologies of evaluation agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To conclude, I would say that Europe-Africa relations are at a crossroads between a bygone era and one in the making. We can move toward a New Deal that brings us closer together or drift apart. For my part, I choose the New Deal, given everything that unites us. It is in our common interest to define this New Deal together, based on revitalized dialogue and shared values, for a prosperous and mutually beneficial future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n On this path to the future, I propose as guidance the wisdom of an eminent European who once said: \u201cPolitical leaders must have the serenity to accept the things they cannot change, the courage to change the things they can, and the wisdom to distinguish between the two.\u201d<\/em> I refer to German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I strongly encourage the Europe-Africa Foundation to continue working toward bringing our two continents closer together. The Macky Sall Foundation for Peace, Dialogue, and Development stands ready to contribute to this effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thank you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span><\/b><\/p><\/h2>\n\n\n\n 4-6 novembre 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mesdames, Messieurs, chers amis<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n J’aimerais tout d\u2019abord remercier notre ami Mo Ibrahim et la Fondation Europe-Afrique pour leur aimable invitation \u00e0 ce dialogue euro-africain. Merci \u00e9galement \u00e0 madame Nathalie Delapalme d\u2019avoir assur\u00e9 avec mes collaborateurs la coordination de ma participation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n J\u2019ai accept\u00e9 volontiers de centrer ma contribution sur l\u2019avenir des relations Europe-Afrique parce que la question me semble pertinente et d\u2019actualit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nous sommes \u00e0 un moment de l\u2019histoire o\u00f9 le sujet s\u2019impose de lui-m\u00eame et m\u00e9rite qu\u2019on y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chisse ensemble, si de part et d\u2019autre nous voulons maintenir et renforcer nos relations en les adaptant aux nouvelles r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Comment envisager ces relations au-del\u00e0 des urgences et des contingences conjoncturelles ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Le premier \u00e9l\u00e9ment de r\u00e9ponse, c\u2019est d\u2019abord, \u00e0 mon avis, reconnaitre et assumer la particularit\u00e9 des relations Europe-Afrique, en raison de l’histoire, du voisinage g\u00e9ographique, et des sacrifices immenses consentis dans la guerre, deux fois en l’espace d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ; autant de facteurs qui ont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 un brassage humain, des affinit\u00e9s linguistiques et une coop\u00e9ration tous azimuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Voil\u00e0 pourquoi l’Europe et l’Afrique sont ins\u00e9parables. <\/p>\n\n\n\n En m\u00eame temps, des dynamiques nouvelles se sont agr\u00e9g\u00e9es au fil du temps, bousculant le confort des habitudes et des certitudes pr\u00e9\u00e9tablies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n De l\u2019Europe des Six<\/strong> en 1951, avec la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne du charbon et de l\u2019acier, nous en sommes \u00e0 l\u2019Europe des 27<\/strong>, avec des besoins, des contraintes et des m\u00e9canismes de fonctionnement plus vari\u00e9s et plus complexes. Notre ami Charles Michel en sait plus que moi !<\/p>\n\n\n\n De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, plus de soixante ans apr\u00e8s ses premi\u00e8res ind\u00e9pendances, l\u2019Afrique, dont la population est majoritairement jeune et moins marqu\u00e9e par le fait colonial, a \u00e9galement subi des mutations internes profondes, en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019elle \u00e9largit le cercle de ses partenaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u2019est dire que si nos relations restent particuli\u00e8res, l\u2019exception euro-africaine fait face \u00e0 de nouveaux d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n La guerre en Ukraine, survenue quelques jours apr\u00e8s le 6e<\/sup> Sommet Union europ\u00e9enne \u2011 Union africaine en f\u00e9vrier 2022 \u00e0 Bruxelles en est un test. <\/p>\n\n\n\n La D\u00e9claration de Bruxelles visait \u00e0 consolider un partenariat renouvel\u00e9 pour la solidarit\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la paix et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique durable<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Des engagements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris notamment pour la paix et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 , un paquet d\u2019investissement de 150 milliards<\/strong> d\u2019euros jusqu\u2019en 2027, dans le cadre de la strat\u00e9gie Global Gateway, <\/em>la mobilisation de DTS, la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et des programmes d’\u00e9changes de jeunes citoyens, de volontaires et d’\u00e9tudiants dans le cadre du programme Erasmus + \u00e9largi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Puis la guerre a surgi en Ukraine. L\u2019Europe s\u2019est recentr\u00e9e sur cette urgence vitale ; ce qui est compr\u00e9hensible, alors que l\u2019Afrique a gard\u00e9 une certaine distance par rapport au conflit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mais il me semble que la question de l\u2019avenir des relations euro-africaines doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9e au-del\u00e0 de ce fait conjoncturel, certes majeur. De mon point de vue, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019esprit m\u00eame de ces relations qu\u2019il convient de revisiter en changeant de m\u00e9thodes et de pratiques. Comment ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Premi\u00e8rement, <\/strong>il faut en finir avec des interventions comme celle de l\u2019OTAN en Libye, malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9sapprobation de l\u2019Union africaine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie apr\u00e8s, l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Afrique continuent d\u2019en subir les cons\u00e9quences. La Libye a perdu la paix et la stabilit\u00e9 sans gagner en d\u00e9mocratie ; et le chaos libyen alimente les r\u00e9seaux du terrorisme au sahel et de l\u2019\u00e9migration clandestine vers l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u2019autre part, je pense que des sanctions comme celles impos\u00e9es au Zimbabwe depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, m\u00eame en pleine pand\u00e9mie COVID-19, alors que les circonstances ont chang\u00e9, contribuent \u00e0 d\u00e9grader les relations Europe-Afrique et \u00e0 nourrir le ressentiment anti occidental en Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Deuxi\u00e8mement<\/strong>, il y a lieu de faire \u00e9voluer la politique de coop\u00e9ration euro-africaine en la d\u00e9connectant des conditionnalit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 des normes de culture et de civilisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cette pratique per\u00e7ue comme une injonction civilisationnelle est de plus en plus contest\u00e9e en Afrique, alors m\u00eame que des alternatives sans conditionnalit\u00e9s politiques s\u2019offrent au continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En outre, les limites de l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement devraient nous obliger \u00e0 promouvoir davantage le partenariat par l\u2019investissement, avec des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019accompagnement appropri\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u2019est ce qui permettra \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique de mobiliser des volumes plus importants pour le financement de son d\u00e9veloppement, et \u00e0 l\u2019Europe de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de plus d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s pour son secteur priv\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A titre d\u2019exemple, le paquet d\u2019investissement du Global Gateway<\/em> <\/strong>pr\u00e9voit 150 milliards<\/strong> d\u2019euros pour l\u2019Afrique, entre 2022 et 2027 ; alors que rien que pour les infrastructures, les besoins de financement du continent sont de l\u2019ordre de 130 \u00e0 170 milliards <\/strong>de dollars par an selon les estimations de la BAD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nous avons donc int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 voir plus grand que l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement en avan\u00e7ant vers des partenariats co-construits, pour une croissance et une prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 partag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Une Afrique qui se d\u00e9veloppe est un facteur de stabilit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Europe. A l\u2019inverse, une Afrique pauvre, accul\u00e9e par le commerce in\u00e9gal, le poids de la dette et le d\u00e9sinvestissement, restera toujours une source de pr\u00e9occupations pour l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n La migration clandestine qui continue d\u2019empirer en d\u00e9pit des efforts consid\u00e9rables jusque-l\u00e0 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en est un exemple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Je pense \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration FRONTEX. Je pense \u00e9galement aux <\/p>\n\n\n\n initiatives controvers\u00e9es sur la cr\u00e9ation de \u00ab hot spots \u00bb pour envoyer en pays tiers des africains d\u00e9bout\u00e9s de leurs demandes d\u2019asile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Et de toute \u00e9vidence, les indicateurs montrent que ces initiatives mises d\u2019ailleurs en \u00e9chec par la justice, ne concerneraient qu\u2019une infime partie des migrants et ne pourraient donc constituer de solution au probl\u00e8me de la migration clandestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Il serait peut-\u00eatre plus indiqu\u00e9 de rechercher des solutions concert\u00e9es dans les conclusions du sommet Europe-Afrique de Malte de 2015 sur la migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Troisi\u00e8mement,<\/strong> je pense que nos deux continents devraient travailler de fa\u00e7on plus solidaire sur la r\u00e9forme de la gouvernance mondiale. Je dois dire que l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, par la voix du Pr\u00e9sident Charles Michel, a \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 soutenir la candidature de l\u2019Afrique comme membre du G20 ; candidature que j\u2019avais initi\u00e9e lors de mon mandat \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019Union africaine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u2019Afrique appr\u00e9cierait certainement que cette dynamique soit maintenue sur d\u2019autres enjeux majeurs comme la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique juste et \u00e9quitable, et la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019architecture financi\u00e8re mondiale, y compris la Banque mondiale, le FMI et les m\u00e9thodes de notation des agences d\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pour conclure, je dirais que les relations Europe-Afrique sont \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins entre une \u00e9poque r\u00e9volue et une autre en gestation. Nous pouvons aller vers un New Deal<\/em> qui nous rapproche, ou une d\u00e9rive des continents<\/em> qui nous \u00e9loigne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pour ma part, je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re le New Deal<\/em>, compte tenu de tout ce qui nous unit. Et c\u2019est dans notre int\u00e9r\u00eat commun de d\u00e9finir ensemble un New Deal<\/em> fond\u00e9 sur un dialogue revitalis\u00e9 et une vision de valeurs partag\u00e9es, pour un avenir prosp\u00e8re et mutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sur ce chemin de l\u2019avenir, je proposerais comme viatique le bon sens d\u2019un illustre europ\u00e9en qui a dit que : \u00ab Les leaders politiques doivent avoir la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 d\u2019accepter les choses qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas changer, le courage de changer les choses qu\u2019ils peuvent changer et la sagesse de distinguer entre les deux situations \u00bb.<\/em> J\u2019ai cit\u00e9 le Chancelier allemand Helmut Schmidt<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n J\u2019encourage vivement la Fondation Europe-Afrique \u00e0 continuer d\u2019\u0153uvrer au rapprochement de nos deux continents. La Fondation Macky Sall pour la Paix, le Dialogue et le D\u00e9veloppement est dispos\u00e9e \u00e0 y contribuer. Je vous remercie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 4-6 November 2024 Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, First, I would like to thank our friend Mo Ibrahim and the Europe-Africa Foundation for their kind invitation to this\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3137,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,8,46],"tags":[],"msf_theme":[69],"msf_place":[],"class_list":["post-3136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-publications","category-publications","category-speeches","msf_theme-development"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3138,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions\/3138"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"msf_theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msf_theme?post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"msf_place","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msf_place?post=3136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nDiscours \u00e0 la R\u00e9union de la Fondation Europe-Afrique<\/strong>