09 November 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theme: Healthcare, Geopolitics, and Disruptors: An African Perspective<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ladies and Gentlemen,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dear Friends,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Good morning everyone. I would like first to thank Ambassador Kishore Mahbubani and his colleagues for the kind invitation to this retreat on public health, within a geopolitical context and from an African perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I warmly congratulate the National University of Singapore for its excellent world ranking, and for organizing this retreat here in Marrakech, in collaboration with Morocco, a country with which Senegal shares a long-standing tradition of fraternal friendship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The theme of this gathering undoubtedly addresses a topic of major interest. With climate change, cross-border health challenges are indeed among the major concerns of our time, requiring solutions beyond national capacities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Mpox outbreak is a reminder, while we remain deeply marked by the devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed the world\u2019s unpreparedness to face health crises. Even the most sophisticated national health systems showed serious limitations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In a publication dated April 8, 2020, titled Africa and the World Facing COVID-19: An African Perspective,<\/em> I highlighted the paradox of a world that makes scientific and technological breakthroughs daily, even in space, while lacking masks, test kits, personal protective equipment, beds, and ventilators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And in this general turmoil, the impact was hardest on Africa due to the structural vulnerabilities of its health systems and the prevalence of other diseases on the continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, faced with these challenges, Africa proved resilient. Although the economic and social impact of the pandemic was particularly harsh, the scenario of a health disaster did not happen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To explain this resilience, some factors have been cited, including the continent\u2019s youth, climate, low connectivity which may have slowed the virus\u2019s spread, and immunity due to the presence of other coronaviruses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientifically, many experts believe that there are, as yet, no solid studies to substantiate these hypotheses. However, it is certain that African countries were responsive in combating COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n On the one hand, coordinated efforts at regional and continental levels enabled information exchanges, data collection by the Africa CDC, and joint vaccine purchases under the AVAT (African Vaccine Acquisition Trust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n On the other hand, internally, countries generally implemented restrictive measures to limit the virus\u2019s spread and deployed health and socio-economic response plans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Senegal, for instance, we mobilized over $2 billion to organize the health response, support households and businesses. Other efforts focused on constructing and equipping numerous healthcare facilities (including eight major hospitals) and recruiting more than 2,000 medical and paramedical staff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n One of the lessons we must learn from recurring health crises is the need to invest more in health to progressively ensure pharmaceutical and medical sovereignty. For example, Africa consumes around 25% of the world\u2019s vaccine production but meets only about 1% of its needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To address this deficit, the African Union has set a goal of covering 60% of African vaccine needs by 2040. Nine pioneering countries are working to help meet this goal: Algeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Senegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Accordingly, I launched the construction of a vaccine production facility in collaboration with the Pasteur Institute in Dakar, with an investment of over $200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The facility which will soon be operational includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 A mRNA vaccine manufacturing unit,<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 A research & development center,<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 And a vaccine training Center dedicated to Senegal and other African countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Looking ahead, I would say that despite undeniable progress, Africa still faces many public health challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n First,<\/strong> we need to build more referral and community health facilities, train and recruit more human resources, manufacture more medical and biotechnological products, update pharmaceutical and medical regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The development of digital health (e-health), artificial intelligence and biotechnologies such as mRNA and genomics could also improve access to care, enabling rapid and tailored responses through effective diagnosis and treatment even in remote areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The second<\/strong> challenge relates to the over-protection of intellectual property rights, which hinders biotechnological production on the continent, even during health emergencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Indeed, in response to the COVID emergency, the WTO reached in 2022 a consensus on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This agreement allows a waiver for vaccine production patents. But it is valid only until 2027, and there is no consensus yet to include diagnostic and treatment products in the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The third challenge<\/strong> is producing competitively priced vaccines and gaining access to vaccine marketing platforms. To that end, African producer countries will certainly need collaboration with partners like GAVI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fourth<\/strong>, Africa must better prepare for future health emergencies, as we currently see with Mpox. Some countries are working within the WHO initiative to create regional logistics hubs for the dispatching of necessary products and equipment in case of emergency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thus, in 2021, Senegal provided the WHO with a site on which the Organization constructed an Emergency Management Center. The first phase has been inaugurated in December 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This center has the necessary logistics for storage, innovation, monitoring, and data analysis. The other two WHO regional centers are hosted by South Africa and Kenya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Finally, the fifth<\/strong> challenge is to invest more in research to stimulate pharmaceutical and medical innovation on the continent. This is the purpose of the Galien Africa Forum, endowed with a Prize which Senegal hosted from 2018 to 2023. I can also cite the holding of the Grand Challenges Annual Meeting of the Bill Gates Foundation<\/em><\/strong> in Dakar in October 2023. The Gates Foundation considerably supports Africa\u2019s health sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Macky Sall Foundation for Peace, Dialogue, and Development also intends to contribute to this dynamic, requiring the mobilization of all actors: governments, the private sector, civil society, the scientific community, and philanthropists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is why I am delighted with your prestigious university\u2019s retreat here in Marrakech; and my Foundation, whose Administrator is here to follow your discussions, remains ready to collaborate with you on your future initiatives. I wish you a successful retreat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e8me : Sant\u00e9, G\u00e9opolitique et Disruptions : Une Perspective Africaine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mesdames et Messieurs,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chers amis,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bonjour \u00e0 toutes et \u00e0 tous. Je tiens tout d\u2019abord \u00e0 remercier l\u2019Ambassadeur Kishore Mahbubani et ses coll\u00e8gues pour leur aimable invitation \u00e0 ce s\u00e9minaire consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 publique, dans un contexte g\u00e9opolitique et sous une perspective africaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Je f\u00e9licite chaleureusement l\u2019Universit\u00e9 nationale de Singapour pour son excellent classement mondial et pour l\u2019organisation de cette rencontre ici \u00e0 Marrakech, en collaboration avec le Maroc, un pays avec lequel le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal partage une longue tradition d\u2019amiti\u00e9 fraternelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Le th\u00e8me de cette rencontre aborde sans aucun doute une question d\u2019un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat. Avec le changement climatique, les d\u00e9fis sanitaires transfrontaliers figurent parmi les grandes pr\u00e9occupations de notre \u00e9poque, n\u00e9cessitant des solutions d\u00e9passant les capacit\u00e9s nationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de variole simienne (Mpox) en est un rappel, alors que nous restons profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9s par les ravages de la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19, qui a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l\u2019impr\u00e9paration du monde face aux crises sanitaires. M\u00eame les syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 nationaux les plus sophistiqu\u00e9s ont montr\u00e9 de s\u00e9rieuses limites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dans une publication dat\u00e9e du 8 avril 2020, intitul\u00e9e L\u2019Afrique et le Monde Face au COVID-19 : Une Perspective Africaine<\/em>, j\u2019avais soulign\u00e9 le paradoxe d\u2019un monde r\u00e9alisant quotidiennement des avanc\u00e9es scientifiques et technologiques, m\u00eame dans l\u2019espace, tout en manquant de masques, de kits de test, d\u2019\u00e9quipements de protection individuelle, de lits et de respirateurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Et dans cette tourmente g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, l\u2019impact a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement dur pour l\u2019Afrique, en raison des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s structurelles de ses syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 et de la pr\u00e9valence d\u2019autres maladies sur le continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cependant, face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, l\u2019Afrique s\u2019est montr\u00e9e r\u00e9siliente. Bien que l\u2019impact \u00e9conomique et social de la pand\u00e9mie ait \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement s\u00e9v\u00e8re, le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une catastrophe sanitaire ne s\u2019est pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pour expliquer cette r\u00e9silience, certains facteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9s, notamment la jeunesse du continent, le climat, une faible connectivit\u00e9 qui aurait pu ralentir la propagation du virus, ainsi qu\u2019une immunit\u00e9 due \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019autres coronavirus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientifiquement, de nombreux experts estiment qu\u2019il n\u2019existe pas encore d\u2019\u00e9tudes solides pour \u00e9tayer ces hypoth\u00e8ses. Cependant, il est certain que les pays africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9actifs dans la lutte contre la COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u2019une part, les efforts coordonn\u00e9s aux niveaux r\u00e9gional et continental ont permis des \u00e9changes d\u2019informations, la collecte de donn\u00e9es par l\u2019Africa CDC et des achats communs de vaccins dans le cadre de l\u2019AVAT (African Vaccine Acquisition Trust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u2019autre part, sur le plan interne, les pays ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mis en \u0153uvre des mesures restrictives pour limiter la propagation du virus et d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des plans de r\u00e9ponse sanitaire et socio-\u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, par exemple, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 plus de 2 milliards de dollars pour organiser la riposte sanitaire et soutenir les m\u00e9nages et les entreprises. D\u2019autres efforts ont port\u00e9 sur la construction et l\u2019\u00e9quipement de nombreux \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9 (dont huit grands h\u00f4pitaux) et le recrutement de plus de 2 000 personnels m\u00e9dicaux et param\u00e9dicaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u2019une des le\u00e7ons \u00e0 tirer des crises sanitaires r\u00e9currentes est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019investir davantage dans la sant\u00e9 afin d\u2019assurer progressivement une souverainet\u00e9 pharmaceutique et m\u00e9dicale. Par exemple, l\u2019Afrique consomme environ 25 % de la production mondiale de vaccins, mais ne couvre qu\u2019environ 1 % de ses besoins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pour combler ce d\u00e9ficit, l\u2019Union africaine s\u2019est fix\u00e9e comme objectif de couvrir 60 % des besoins en vaccins de l\u2019Afrique d\u2019ici 2040. Neuf pays pionniers travaillent pour atteindre cet objectif : l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, l\u2019Afrique du Sud, l\u2019\u00c9gypte, le Ghana, le Kenya, le Maroc, le Nigeria, le Rwanda et le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ainsi, j\u2019ai lanc\u00e9 la construction d\u2019une usine de production de vaccins en collaboration avec l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Dakar, avec un investissement de plus de 200 millions de dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cette installation, qui sera bient\u00f4t op\u00e9rationnelle, comprend :<\/p>\n\n\n\n En regardant vers l\u2019avenir, je dirais que malgr\u00e9 des progr\u00e8s ind\u00e9niables, l\u2019Afrique fait encore face \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 publique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Premi\u00e8rement<\/strong>, il faut construire davantage d\u2019\u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et communautaires, former et recruter plus de ressources humaines, produire davantage de produits m\u00e9dicaux et biotechnologiques, et actualiser les r\u00e9glementations pharmaceutiques et m\u00e9dicales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Le d\u00e9veloppement de la sant\u00e9 num\u00e9rique (e-sant\u00e9), de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et des biotechnologies telles que l\u2019ARNm et la g\u00e9nomique pourrait \u00e9galement am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins, permettant des r\u00e9ponses rapides et adapt\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des diagnostics et traitements efficaces, m\u00eame dans les zones recul\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Deuxi\u00e8mement<\/strong>, la surprotection des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle freine la production biotechnologique sur le continent, m\u00eame en p\u00e9riode d\u2019urgence sanitaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En effet, face \u00e0 l\u2019urgence COVID, l\u2019OMC a conclu en 2022 un consensus sur les Aspects des Droits de Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 Intellectuelle li\u00e9s au Commerce (ADPIC). Cet accord permet une d\u00e9rogation aux brevets de production vaccinale, mais il n\u2019est valable que jusqu\u2019en 2027, et aucun consensus n\u2019a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 pour inclure les produits de diagnostic et de traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Troisi\u00e8mement<\/strong>, il s\u2019agit de produire des vaccins \u00e0 des prix comp\u00e9titifs et d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux plateformes de commercialisation des vaccins. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, les pays producteurs africains auront certainement besoin de collaboration avec des partenaires comme GAVI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quatri\u00e8mement<\/strong>, l\u2019Afrique doit mieux se pr\u00e9parer aux futures urgences sanitaires, comme nous le voyons actuellement avec la variole simienne. Certains pays travaillent dans le cadre de l\u2019initiative de l\u2019OMS pour cr\u00e9er des centres logistiques r\u00e9gionaux destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019acheminement des produits et \u00e9quipements n\u00e9cessaires en cas d\u2019urgence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ainsi, en 2021, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a mis \u00e0 la disposition de l\u2019OMS un site sur lequel l\u2019Organisation a construit un Centre de Gestion des Urgences. La premi\u00e8re phase a \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ce centre dispose de la logistique n\u00e9cessaire pour le stockage, l\u2019innovation, le suivi et l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es. Les deux autres centres r\u00e9gionaux de l\u2019OMS sont h\u00e9berg\u00e9s par l\u2019Afrique du Sud et le Kenya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Enfin<\/strong>, cinqui\u00e8mement, il faut investir davantage dans la recherche pour stimuler l\u2019innovation pharmaceutique et m\u00e9dicale sur le continent. C\u2019est l\u2019objectif du Forum Galien Afrique, dot\u00e9 d\u2019un Prix, que le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a accueilli de 2018 \u00e0 2023. Je peux \u00e9galement citer la tenue de la R\u00e9union Annuelle des Grands D\u00e9fis de la Fondation Bill Gates \u00e0 Dakar en octobre 2023. La Fondation Gates soutient consid\u00e9rablement le secteur de la sant\u00e9 en Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n La Fondation Macky Sall pour la Paix, le Dialogue et le D\u00e9veloppement entend \u00e9galement contribuer \u00e0 cette dynamique, qui n\u00e9cessite la mobilisation de tous les acteurs : gouvernements, secteur priv\u00e9, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, communaut\u00e9 scientifique et philanthropes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u2019est pourquoi je me r\u00e9jouis du s\u00e9minaire de votre prestigieuse universit\u00e9 ici \u00e0 Marrakech ; et ma Fondation, dont l\u2019Administrateur est ici pour suivre vos \u00e9changes, reste pr\u00eate \u00e0 collaborer avec vous sur vos futures initiatives. Je vous souhaite un s\u00e9minaire fructueux.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 09 November 2024 Theme: Healthcare, Geopolitics, and Disruptors: An African Perspective Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, Good morning everyone. I would like first to thank Ambassador Kishore Mahbubani\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,8,46],"tags":[],"msf_theme":[68],"msf_place":[],"class_list":["post-3133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-publications","category-publications","category-speeches","msf_theme-people"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3133"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3141,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3133\/revisions\/3141"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3133"},{"taxonomy":"msf_theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msf_theme?post=3133"},{"taxonomy":"msf_place","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.mackysallfoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msf_place?post=3133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nRetraite du Conseil International de M\u00e9decine de l’Universit\u00e9 Nationale de Singapour<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n